{"id":57,"date":"2022-10-21T16:17:11","date_gmt":"2022-10-21T14:17:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/d.r3.wbsprt.com\/rehaequus.cz\/?p=57"},"modified":"2024-05-29T20:40:04","modified_gmt":"2024-05-29T18:40:04","slug":"klouby-i-aneb-proc-je-tak-dulezite-aby-se-kone-hybali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rehaequus.cz\/?p=57","title":{"rendered":"Klouby I. &#8211; Aneb, pro\u010d je tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby se kon\u011b h\u00fdbali"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>A\u0165 u\u017e jsme profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed jezdci, \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edme se z\u00e1vod\u016f pro vlastn\u00ed pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed, anebo si jen u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me kr\u00e1sy p\u0159\u00edrody z&nbsp;ko\u0148sk\u00e9ho h\u0159betu, p\u0159ejeme si, aby n\u00e1\u0161 ko\u0148sk\u00fd par\u0165\u00e1k byl zdrav\u00fd a spokojen\u00fd. A nejen to. Chceme, aby dok\u00e1zal podat n\u00e1mi o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd v\u00fdkon, byl p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci uvoln\u011bn\u00fd a pln\u011b soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00fd. Abychom toho mohli doc\u00edlit, je nezbytn\u00e9 porozum\u011bt kon\u00edm, jejich anatomii a biomechanick\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. A pr\u00e1v\u011b jedn\u00edm ze st\u011b\u017eejn\u00edch stavebn\u00edch kamen\u016f kon\u011b jsou jeho klouby, kter\u00e9 v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010di neadekv\u00e1tn\u00edho pohybu r\u00e1di podl\u00e9haj\u00ed patologick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m, ruku v&nbsp;ruce s kompenza\u010dn\u00edm zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm, ne\u010dist\u00fdm pohybem \u010di kulh\u00e1n\u00edm. Poj\u010fme se tedy spole\u010dn\u011b pod\u00edvat na trochu t\u00e9 anatomie.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co je vlastn\u011b kloub a k&nbsp;\u010demu slou\u017e\u00ed? Aby se kosti, kter\u00e9 si m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edstavit jako statick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti kostry, mohly vz\u00e1jemn\u011b pohybovat a vytv\u00e1\u0159et pohyb, je nutn\u00e9, aby mezi sebou m\u011bly n\u011bjak\u00fd pohybliv\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek. T\u00edmto pohybliv\u00fdm spojen\u00edm jsou klouby, kter\u00e9 jsou u kon\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f velmi robustn\u00ed a mnohdy spojuj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e jen dv\u011b na sebe navazuj\u00edc\u00ed kosti, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad u karp\u00e1ln\u00edho, tars\u00e1ln\u00edho nebo kolenn\u00edho kloubu. Tento typ kloubu ozna\u010dujeme jako kloub slo\u017een\u00fd, zat\u00edmco kloub sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pouze ze dvou kost\u00ed, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad druh\u00fd hlavov\u00fd kloub \u010di kloub korunkov\u00fd, naz\u00fdv\u00e1me kloubem jednoduch\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soused\u00edc\u00ed kosti samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nedok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed dr\u017eet pospolu bez podpory. K&nbsp;tomu jim slou\u017e\u00ed postrann\u00ed vazy \u2013 pom\u011brn\u011b stabiln\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b m\u00e1lo n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k&nbsp;po\u0161kozen\u00ed, a d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 kloubn\u00ed pouzdro tvo\u0159en\u00e9 z&nbsp;pojivov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b, kter\u00e9 obklopuje a chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159echod mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi kostmi zvenku a umo\u017e\u0148uje jeho fyziologickou funkci. Uvnit\u0159 kloubn\u00edho pouzdra se nach\u00e1z\u00ed sliznice (synovi\u00e1ln\u00ed membr\u00e1na), kter\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 na\u010dechranou vatu ohrani\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed kloubn\u00ed dutinu. Tenk\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna membr\u00e1ny jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za tvorbu kloubn\u00ed tekutiny (synovie), k&nbsp;jej\u00ed\u017e produkci doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i pohybu kloubu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Synovie je nepostradatelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kloubu. Jej\u00edm \u00fakolem je zaji\u0161\u0165ovat kluzkost povrchu kloubn\u00ed dutiny, a tak zabr\u00e1nit vysych\u00e1n\u00ed a t\u0159en\u00ed chrupav\u010dit\u00fdch povrch\u016f soused\u00edc\u00edch kost\u00ed. Konzistence synovie by m\u011bla b\u00fdt ide\u00e1ln\u011b gelov\u00e1, proto\u017ee pouze vysok\u00e1 hustota a podtlak dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vzdorovat komprimaci kloubu p\u0159i jeho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, jinak \u0159e\u010deno zabr\u00e1nit jeho opot\u0159eben\u00ed. Z&nbsp;toho si m\u016f\u017eeme logicky odvodit, \u017ee p\u0159i sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hustoty kloubn\u00ed tekutiny a podtlaku, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k dotyku chrupavek, a v&nbsp;p\u0159i p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto stavu ke vzniku patologick\u00fdch zm\u011bn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kloubn\u00ed chrupavka, pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed kloubn\u00ed konce kost\u00ed, je elastick\u00e1 a sklovit\u011b hladk\u00e1 tk\u00e1\u0148, kter\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b kop\u00edruje tvar soused\u00edc\u00edch konc\u016f kost\u00ed, a kter\u00e1 je vystavena velk\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei. Chrupavka jako jedna z&nbsp;m\u00e1la sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed organismu nen\u00ed vy\u017eivov\u00e1na prokrven\u00edm, ale v\u00fd\u0161e popisovanou gelovou tekutinou uvnit\u0159 kloubu (synovi\u00ed), v&nbsp;kter\u00e9 jsou \u017eiviny, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1. A i v&nbsp;tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je pohyb velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd. Pouze p\u0159i st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 komprimaci, tzn. pohybu a zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed kloubu, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edsunu a odsunu \u017eivin, a produkt\u016f l\u00e1tkov\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bny z&nbsp;kapil\u00e1rn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (\u017eil a tepen) do kloubn\u00ed tekutiny, a tak k&nbsp;zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vy\u017eiven\u00ed kloubn\u00ed chrupavky. P\u0159i zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed odevzd\u00e1v\u00e1 chrupavka vodu do synovie, a naopak p\u0159i odleh\u010den\u00ed vodu a \u017eiviny absorbuje. Pokud k&nbsp;pohybu nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed, hroz\u00ed jej\u00ed vysych\u00e1n\u00ed a ztr\u00e1ta elasticity, a t\u00edm p\u00e1dem pozb\u00fdv\u00e1 schopnosti klouzat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e te\u010f v\u00edme, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem klouby funguj\u00ed, je n\u00e1m jasn\u00e9, jak je pro kon\u011b pohyb d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd. A to zdaleka nemluv\u00edme pouze o problematice kloub\u016f. K&nbsp;tomu bychom si je\u0161t\u011b m\u011bli p\u0159ipo\u010d\u00edtat dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b z\u00e1sadn\u00ed okolnosti. Podstatn\u00fdm faktem je toti\u017e to, \u017ee kon\u011b maj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b kloub\u016f ne\u017e my lid\u00e9, stoj\u00ed defacto na jednom prstu \u2013 prost\u0159edn\u00ed\u010dku (metakarp\u00e1ln\u00ed kosti na p\u0159edn\u00edch kon\u010detin\u00e1ch a na metatars\u00e1ln\u00ed kosti na zadn\u00edch kon\u010detin\u00e1ch). Zbyl\u00e9 \u201eprsty\u201c jsou nedovyvinut\u00e9 a neslou\u017e\u00ed k zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vahou. Cel\u00e1 v\u00e1ha kon\u011b tak spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na 4 \u201eprstech\u201c, kter\u00e9 jsou vystaveny neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei, a proto je tak podstatn\u00e9 umo\u017enit koni dostate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159irozen\u00fd pohyb, kter\u00fd p\u016fsob\u00ed jako prevence proti degeneraci kloub\u016f. Druhou okolnost\u00ed je to, \u017ee je pro kon\u011b&nbsp;celodenn\u00ed pohyb p\u0159irozen\u00fd, a jejich t\u011blesn\u00e1 stavba a biomechanika jsou tomuto zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota uzp\u016fsoben\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bylo by proto ide\u00e1ln\u00ed, pokud by se kon\u011b i v dne\u0161n\u00edch form\u00e1ch ust\u00e1jen\u00ed mohli h\u00fdbat n\u011bkolik hodin denn\u011b, ide\u00e1ln\u011b v&nbsp;kroku na dostate\u010dn\u00e9m prostoru a za \u00fa\u010delem po\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed potravy. Takov\u00fdto re\u017eim kon\u011b adekv\u00e1tn\u011b p\u0159iprav\u00ed na n\u00e1slednou pr\u00e1ci a sni\u017euje riziko p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a opot\u0159eben\u00ed kloub\u016f. Naopak re\u017eim, kdy nech\u00e1me kon\u011b st\u00e1t cel\u00fd den v&nbsp;boxu, a \u201evyt\u00e1hneme\u201c jej pouze na jednu hodinu ven v&nbsp;dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e, \u017ee se mus\u00ed k\u016f\u0148 vyb\u011bhat, kdy\u017e cel\u00fd den st\u00e1l, je z&nbsp;dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska za\u010d\u00e1tkem konce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednor\u00e1zov\u00fd, kr\u00e1tk\u00fd a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd pohyb, v\u00a0hor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bez dostate\u010dn\u00e9 krokov\u00e9 f\u00e1ze na za\u010d\u00e1tku pohybu, je pro klouby velmi zat\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed. Aby do\u0161lo k\u00a0zah\u00e1jen\u00ed produkce kloubn\u00ed tekutiny, je nezbytn\u00e9 dop\u0159\u00e1t koni \u010das na zah\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed. Vegetativn\u00ed nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd produkci synovie spou\u0161t\u00ed, toti\u017e nefunguje na principu \u201epozor z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, mus\u00edm za\u010d\u00edt rychle produkovat\u201c, ale na principu \u201espou\u0161t\u00edm se pomalu a rychlost nelze ovlivnit p\u0159ed\u010dasnou zv\u00fd\u0161enou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed\u201c. Bylo by to sice hezk\u00e9, ale bohu\u017eel tomu tak nen\u00ed. T\u00edm samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, \u017ee kdy\u017e jednou nem\u00e1te \u010das na \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 krokov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee je v\u0161echno ztraceno. M\u011bli bychom si ale zajist\u00e9 \u010dast\u011bji p\u0159ipomenout, jak\u00e9 pot\u0159eby kon\u011b skute\u010dn\u011b maj\u00ed, a odpov\u011bd\u011bt si na ot\u00e1zku, pro\u010d m\u00e1 tolik kon\u00ed v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b artr\u00f3zy, cysty a jin\u00e9 degenerativn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed kloub\u016f ji\u017e v\u00a0prvn\u00edch letech \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background\">I v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm d\u00edle se budeme zab\u00fdvat anatomi\u00ed kloub\u016f. Tentokr\u00e1t v\u00e1m p\u0159edstav\u00edm jednotliv\u00e9 typy kloub\u016f, pov\u00edm v\u00e1m, kde je v&nbsp;ko\u0148sk\u00e9m t\u011ble m\u016f\u017eeme naj\u00edt a jak\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pohybu n\u00e1m nab\u00edzej\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A\u0165 u\u017e jsme profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed jezdci, \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edme se z\u00e1vod\u016f pro vlastn\u00ed pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed, anebo si jen u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me kr\u00e1sy p\u0159\u00edrody z&nbsp;ko\u0148sk\u00e9ho h\u0159betu, p\u0159ejeme si, aby n\u00e1\u0161 ko\u0148sk\u00fd par\u0165\u00e1k byl zdrav\u00fd a spokojen\u00fd. A nejen to. Chceme, aby dok\u00e1zal podat n\u00e1mi o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd v\u00fdkon, byl<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rehaequus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rehaequus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rehaequus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rehaequus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rehaequus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=57"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/rehaequus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":512,"href":"https:\/\/rehaequus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57\/revisions\/512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rehaequus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=57"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rehaequus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=57"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rehaequus.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=57"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}